Language & Linguistics

The nature and structure of human speech and the use by humans of voice sounds and written symbols representing these sounds in organized patterns to express and communicate thoughts and feelings.

Sub-headings:

American Sign Language

Arabic

Chinese

Czech

English

English as a Second Language (ESL)

These resources provide information for teaching and learning English as a Second Language. Resources range from discussions of English as a Second Language issues to practical activities for teachers and learners.

Finnish

French

Gaelic

German

Greek

Hawaiian

Hebrew

Hindi

Hungarian

Indonesian

Italian

Japanese

Korean

Latin

Linguistics

Mohawk

Other Non-English Languages

Portuguese

Romanian

Russian

Spanish

Swahili

Swedish

Thai

Translation Dictionaries

Dictionaries that, given a word in one language, will show the identical or related word in another language.

Turkish

Resources in this category:

The American Communication Association
http://www.americancomm.org/

"The American Communication Association (ACA) is a not-for-profit organization, created to enhance and promote the academic and professional study, research, knowledge, criticism, teaching, exchange, and application of the basic principles of human communication. Geographically, our professional community is comprised of researchers, teachers, businesspersons, and general practitioners located throughout the Caribbean, and North, Central, and South America. Accordingly, information contained on this site is mirrored in English, Français, Portuguese,and Espanol."

American Communication Association
http://www.americancomm.org/

"The American Communication Association (ACA) is a not-for-profit organization, created to enhance and promote the academic and professional study, research, knowledge, criticism, teaching, exchange, and application of the basic principles of human communication." Information is available for awards, calls for papers, Accredidation services, as well as reference links. The site also contains information for the ACA Center for Communication Studies and ACA Center for Communication Law.

American Literary Translators Association
http://www.literarytranslators.org/

"ALTA, whose national offices are located at the Center for Translation Studies at The University of Texas at Dallas, was founded in 1978 to provide essential services to literary translators from all languages and to create a professional forum for the exchange of ideas on the art and craft of translation. Through annual conferences, newsletters, collaboration with other professional organizations and lobbying efforts, ALTA works to enhance the quality and status of literary translation and to improve the market for the publication of works in English translation." The site has information about the organization, a calendar of events, a bibliography of book reviews of translated works, an index to the journal Translation Review, information about contests and grants, and a conference schedule.

The American Name Society
http://www.wtsn.binghamton.edu/ANS/

"The American Name Society was founded in 1951 to promote onomastics, the study of names and naming practices, both in the United States and abroad. It is a non-profit organization that seeks to find out what really is in a name, and to investigate cultural insights, settlement history, and linguistic characteristics revealed in names." The site includes contact and membership information, links to other name-related sites, and subscription information for ANS-L, an email discussion list that provides "a forum for questions, information and announcements regarding names and the Society." For the interested reader, the site also offers titles of articles that appeared in the ANS publication called NAMES: A Journal of Onomastics.

Association for Computational Linguistics
http://www.aclweb.org/

"The Association for Computational Linguistics is THE international scientific and professional society for people working on problems involving natural language and computation. Membership includes the ACL quarterly journal, COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS, reduced registration at most ACL-sponsored conferences, discounts on ACL-sponsored publications, and participation in ACL Special Interest Groups. The ACL journal, Computational Linguistics, continues to be the primary forum for research on computational linguistics and natural language processing. Since 1988, the journal has been published for the ACL by MIT Press to provide a broader distributional base."

The Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing
http://www.allc.org/

The Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing supports the use of computers in the study of language and literature. Issues studied include text analysis, image processing and electronic editions.

International Association of Conference Interpreters
http://www.aiic.net/

"AIIC is the international professional association that represents conference interpreters and sets standards for the practice of the profession."

International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association
http://www.ucs.louisiana.edu/~mjb0372/ICPLA.html

"The International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association (ICPLA) was formed in March 1991 at the Symposium on Advances in Clinical Phonetics held at the Cardiff Institute of Higher Education, Wales. The aim of this association is to stimulate thought and research in phonetics and linguistics in relation to disordered speech and language. Also, we aim to facilitate interactions and communication between researchers and clinicians." This web page has general information, an officer list, publications, newsletter information, and membership information. It does not have links to other related web sites.

International Communication Association
http://www.icahdq.org/

"The International Communication Association was formed in 1950 bringing together academicians and other professionals whose interest focused on human communication... Through its Divisions and Interest Groups, publications, annual conferences and its relations with other associations around the world, ICA promotes the systematic study of communication theories, processes and skills." This site offers information on membership, conferences and call for papers, and publication information.

International Society for General Semantics
http://www.generalsemantics.org/

The site gives an overview of general semantics, including glossaries and articles. There's also an index of authors who write about general semantics with links to their work.

The Linguistic Data Consortium
http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/

³The Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC) was founded in 1992 to provide a new mechanism for large-scale development and widespread sharing of resources for research in linguistic technologies. Based at the University of Pennsylvania, the LDC is a broadly-based consortium that now includes more than 100 companies, universities, and government agencies. Since its foundation, the LDC has delivered data to 197 member institutions and 458 non-member institutions (excluding those who have received data as a non-member and later joined).²

Modern Language Association
http://www.mla.org/

³The Modern Language Association of America is a not-for-profit membership organization that promotes the study and teaching of language and literature. MLA members have worked together for over a century to encourage high standards for teaching and scholarship in the field. The MLA publishes books and journals for teachers, students, and researchers; arranges an annual convention where members share their scholarship and teaching experiences with colleagues; assists job seekers and hiring departments through the Job Information Service; and sponsors committees that oversee association activities and respond to ongoing and special issues affecting the field, the humanities, and higher education.²

The National Foreign Language Resource Center
http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/

This (U.S.) federally funded center "...engages in research and materials development projects and conducts summer institutes for language professionals. In addition, the Center's publications division distributes teaching materials, as well as a series of technical and research reports."

Northeast Modern Language Association
http://www.nemla.org/

"The Northeast Modern Language Association (NEMLA) was formed to promote study, criticism and research in the modern languages and literatures and to further the common interest of researchers and scholars in these disciplines. At present, NEMLA has a membership of about 2,000 scholars and teachers of English and the modern languages. NEMLA is affiliated with, but not part of the Modern Language Association." Contains information about conventions, special caucauses (including a Gay and lesbian, Graduate student, and Women's caucaus), and NEMLA's journal Modern Language Studies.

Online Language and Translation Dictionaries
http://www.word2word.com/dictionary.html

A listing of online translation dictionaries, organized alphabetically by language.

SIL International
http://www.sil.org/

"SIL is a service organization that works with people who speak the world¹s lesser-known languages. SIL International is a Christian organzation that has been working for more than 50 years to study, develop and document the world¹s lesser-known languages. The purpose of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics) is to work with language through research, translation, and literacy." The website features two major resources: Ethnologue, a catalogue of more than 6,700 languages spoken in 228 countries, and a searchable version of the SIL Bibliography (the academic works only). The site also features information on the history of SIL, its current activities and training programs, and its publications and software. Also includes links of interest to linguists, anthropologists, and language teachers.

Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL)
http://www.tesol.org/s_tesol/index.asp

"TESOL's mission is to develop the expertise of its members and others involved in teaching English to speakers of other languages to help them foster effective communication in diverse settings while respecting individuals' language rights." The site has information about ESL issues and TESOL's advocacy efforts. Some resources are restricted by login to TESOL members only.